When, finally, COVID-19 cases rapidly increase in a few days or weeks, emergency health facilities may be overwhelmed, and decision makers may not have enough time to accept, adapt, and implement their response accordingly. However, at an early stage, decision makers are often afraid of the economic consequences, and conflicting messages may be released to the population.
The impact of IPC measures is likely to depend on how early they are taken, in the context of local epidemiological, social, and political situations. Mitigation strategies are implemented when disease outpaces containment, by promoting travel restrictions, closing schools, canceling sporting events, or even the blockade of productive and commercial activities. Containment is designed to prevent community transmission at the start of an outbreak, by tracking disease dissemination to allow for targeted quarantines. Two paradigms, containment and mitigation, are usually taken into consideration. When COVID-19 cases sharply increase, strict infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies are implemented. Many lessons can be learnt from what has been experienced over the past months. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Īfter its outbreak in China, the novel COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) spread across the globe with more than 15,000,000 confirmed cases in 188 countries and territories up to 23 July 2020.
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